Education and Country Development Ashley Noack

The Benefits of Dance for Dyspraxics and Dyslexics Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of Dance for Dyspraxics and Dyslexics Essay As an outcome of my vocation in the instructing of move, I have had some down to earth experience working with dyslexic and dyspraxic youngsters for various years at this point and have gotten progressively keen on the issues they face. In having this examination to compose a perfect open door emerged to investigate the subjects in more detail. In doing so I have found how tremendous it truly is and that it is so hard to compose even a clarification of the conditions. â€Å"No two dyslexics are alike† ,[1] so how might one state absolutely what it is? Indeed, even the various foundations who are master in their fields vary. My point is to open up the subjects, inciting some enthusiasm for the peruser to get familiar with them and afterward to concentrate on how I feel move can be of help with the child’s life, though in totally different ways. To cover only one subject completely would be outlandish, however I trust, in skimming the surface, I can show how significant these issues are. I don't guarantee ability. The data that I have utilized originates from dependable sources (see Bibliography) and incorporates closely-held convictions. The basic certainty is that in spite of the fact that the two words sound comparable, they are altogether different issues. There are numerous meanings of dyslexia. The International Dyslexia Association states that;â€Å"dyslexia is a neurologically based, regularly familial, scatter which meddles with the procurement and preparing of language† .[2] British Dyslexics state basically â€Å"individuals†¦.struggle to learn thanks to composed or spoken language† ,[3] yet have a rundown of definitions from different sources which includeâ€Å"dyslexia is the capacity to see multidimensionally, at the same time, or from any each spot in turn. The capacity to think in pictures and to enroll those photos as genuine. Along these lines, you blend in inventive intuition with the real world and change what is seen or heard† .[4] The level of dyslexia victims differs from source to source, it might be up to 20% of the populace (Dyslexia U.K data on ‘Incidence ’[5]) in fluctuating degrees. That is a tremendous sum! Multiple times a bigger number of guys are influenced than females most likely in light of the fact that it is normally innate being gone down through guys. I would say young men vigorously exceed the proportion of young men to young ladies. Ron Davis, a dyslexic who endured as a youngster composed the book â€Å"The Gift of Dyslexia†. It left me both progressively befuddled about the issue but then all the more comprehension of it as well! For what reason do dyslexics who are generally typical to better than expected insight frequently experience issues at school despite the fact that ideally these days instructors are educated to be progressively mindful of learning incapacities? My comprehension of Davis’ book permits me to see that dyslexics need a totally extraordinar y showing technique in light of the fact that their points of view are unique. Dyslexics think in pictures, non-dyslexics think verbally (utilizing words). These photos/contemplations occur at a pace of roughly 32 per second, rather than 2-5 musings every second for the verbal thinker.[6] Dyslexics don't know about the vast majority of their considerations as they happen too rapidly, yet the subconscious piece of the mind takes them in and it is this capacity that gives them profoundly tuned instinct and inventiveness. They become so associated with their considerations that these become reality-they see, hear, smell and feel what is in their minds. This creates me some turmoil as I am a verbal mastermind and it is hard to conceptualize another perspective. In what manner can any one instructor be required to educate in two distinct manners simultaneously? It is similar to having one portion of the class thinking in French and the other in English yet all communicating in English (to utilize rather an outrageous relationship). The explanation for deduction in pictures originates from the general sizes of the brain’s halves of the globe. The correct side is frequently bigger in dyslexics and this is the ‘picture’ side, the imaginative focus. The left side is the language side. This turns into an issue when the kid goes to class and doesn't comprehend the composed word. An alternate learning process is required as our present techniques depend intensely on composed language and verbal idea. There turns into a major inconsistency between their scholarly capacity and their understanding execution. This absence of comprehension in one region is additionally the motivation behind why people are talented in another territory. Profoundly tuned instinct is a dyslexic ability, just like a more noteworthy interest the â€Å"dynamic power behind creativity† .[7] Dyslexics can ‘see’ things from all edges and from outside themselves. They can put their â€Å"mind’s eye† [8] anyplace, seeing the entire picture as opposed to sections of the entirety. â€Å"Dyslexia would not be so normal if its belongings were absolutely detrimental†. [9] Many of the incredible virtuosos were dyslexic-Einstein for instance once stated, â€Å"if I can’t picture it, I can’t comprehend it† ;[10] Da Vinci, Walt Disney and Winston Churchill all endured with this ‘affliction’. Living dyslexics incorporate Cher, Whoopi Goldberg, Guy Ritchie and Eddie Izzard â€Å"the odd associations he makes in his unscripted shows might be a dyslexic dividend† .10 An ongoing article in the Daily Telegraph includes a seriously dyslexic business visionary, Ben Way who at 20 is a multimillionaire! His granddad was dyslexic and his mom is which might be one explanation behind his extraordinary aptitudes. At the point when he gets a thought he says â€Å"it all meets up like a buzzing treats floss machine, turning in my mind, making associations from everywhere. In an hour I discover I can see the answer for a problem† .[11] He additionally says about individuals he has worked with of higher IQ than himself â€Å"but they don’t see things from such huge numbers of angles†. 11 It is most likely turning out to be evident that the negative side of dyslexia has an equivalent and inverse positive side that would not be so evolved if there were no dyslexia present. The manner in which they think drives them to be possibly capable in numerous regions disconnected to their language abilities. Their â€Å"special ability originates from the equivalent mental capacities that keep them from having the option to peruse, compose or spell well† .[12] Instinct has just been referenced, this capacity to comprehend and picture the entirety. Innovativeness relates legitimately to move (and other visual subjects; craftsmanship, structure, innovation and so forth). Their perspectives which permit them to picture something, even themselves from another point in space is exceptionally attractive in aesthetic subjects. â€Å"Dancers and competitors (two most loved callings of dyslexics) conventionally have their psyches eye situated over their heads† .[13] As infants and babies dyslexics are more inquisitive than other youngsters are, frequently strolling before slithering. This interest prompts inventiveness and this innovativeness is the blessing they have. In move, creative mind and imagination are imperative. Dyslexics are generally acceptable musically and inward beat is another significant component we search for. In rundown the capacities that dyslexics have that conceivably would make move a decent medium are-1:Thinking in pictures; move is a visual fine art that requires the member to see shapes and duplicate shapes. It is moving workmanship. 2:Thinking and seeing multi-dimensionally. All the faculties are used, seeing the entire picture instead of parts. Perfect while arranging. 3:A clear creative mind. 4:Extraordinary innovative abilities. â€Å"Tasks which require the capacity to picture something in an innovative or distinctive manner are frequently basic for the person with these talents†.[14] Accomplishment is indispensable for anyone’s confidence however particularly for a kid who may see themselves a disappointment in different parts of their lives. To my psyche if kids are battling at school out of the blue, yet discover a specialty for themselves in the move class or some other action, at that point we are obliged to support it. This should manufacture their certainty and self-esteem and ideally help them in different parts of their lives thus forestall negative sentiments of dissatisfaction and disappointment. It might likewise balance other related issues that could emerge, for example, terrible conduct and melancholy. Thomas Scheidler (prime supporter of The Greenwood School) found a â€Å"big inconsistency between their [dyslexics] capacity to perform aesthetically and their capacity to act in language areas†. [15] In sports that required great equalization and co-appointment they exceeded expectations; dyslexics that are well co-ordinated â€Å"tend to likewise be particularly acceptable in sports that require balance and a feeling of flow†. 14 It is so imperative to empower youngsters in disciplines where they exhibit some bent, particularly kids who clearly endure in fundamental learning territories. Dyspraxia or â€Å"developmental co-appointment disorder† is â€Å"an weakness or youthfulness of the association of development and, in numerous people, there might be related issues of language, recognition and thought†. [16] Between 2-10% of the populace are influenced, 70% being young men. (Dyspraxic Foundation). I mean to focus on the issue of co-appointment and possibly address different troubles when they are applicable or connection to the job of move/development. Nearly from birth youngsters with dyspraxia will give indications of development impedance. They need engine capability and have regularly been marked ‘clumsy’. It is thought, †parts of the cerebrum have neglected to develop properly†. [17] Without digging into the thinking behind this to an extreme, it is important that when taking a ‘history’ questions concerning pregnancy and diet are incorporated (p.19 Developmental Dyspraxia by Madeleine Portwood). Dyspraxia â€Å"affects how a kid oversees and co-ordinates their movements† [18] in light of the fact that â€Å"reinforced in

Witch Town of Salem Essay Sample

Witch Town of Salem Essay Sample Witch Town of Salem: the Tragedy of Blind Beliefs Mysterious sickness struck pre-Revolutionary Massachusetts in 1692. The seed of paranoia planted in humans mind pursued the residents of Salem to chase innocent individuals. More than two a hundred people were accused of witchcraft, at least 20 of them executed. Finally, the community declared the trials were an unforgivable mistake. Since then, the notorious Witch Town of Salem trials are synonyms for injustice and mass hysteria. Town of Salem Witch: the Satans Magic 144 witches, 185 wizards and even two dogs living in 25 towns and village were accused of being engaged in sorcery in Massachusetts colonial. Formally, they charged with having maliciously, wickedly, and feloniously causing harm. The youngest girl was only five-year-child; the eldest woman was under eighty. Husbands accused of witchcraft their wives, daughters their mothers. One clergyman was related at least to twenty witches! All the events took place in the time when New Englands population was tiny as compared to the current period. Historical Context It was a time of a British war against France in the American colonies, well-known as King Williams War, involving the residents of Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New York. The refugees were sent to the county of Essex and, especially, Salem. The relocated people cause a tension on resources. The struggle between families increased greatly leading to frequent quarrels and discordant which was interpreted by the superstitious Puritans as the Satans practice. Additionally, fears of attacks by Indian tribes and recent smallpox epidemic disturbed settlers who had been building the new civilization for the scratch. As the medieval people had a firm belief that the Satan enables certain persons the capacity of causing evil, they hunted for the so-called wizards and witches. Over three hundred years of witch-hunts, many thousands of women in Europe were charged in sorcery and executed. The Salem witch trials are echoing the European craze. Enigmatic Sickness In the late 17th century, two young girls, aged between 9 and 11 years, started having mysterious fits. They suffered from violent convolution, wild outbursts of screaming, throwing out things and growl strange sounds. A local doctor who had no idea what the disease struck his patients diagnosed bewitchment. Under the influence of magistrates, the misery girls accused three women of witchcraft: a homeless beggar, a poor lady, and a slave. The other children of the community began to exhibit the same symptoms as two former children. Salem Witch Trials: First Victims One of the accused women, named Tituba, a slave, confessed to consorts with the Devil while others denied all accusations. Much to the horror of Salem settlers, Tituba claimed that sorcery was practicing by numerous citizens. More men and women were accused and jailed concerning the witch town of Salem case. However, the settlement had no legally-established government. As a result, trial hearings were impossible to hold. Nevertheless, it didnt take long to the authority to arrive with a new charter. As the governor was established, a special court hearing was set. The first condemned person, a woman named Bridget Bishop, was sentenced to death by hanging. Over several months, more than hundred people, including children, were accused of sorcery. The jail was overcrowded with people charged with witchcraft: In general, 14 women and 5 men were hanged; At least 8 persons died in prison, an infant and a child among others; The eldest man had been sentenced by the court and stoning to death by citizens. The hysteria spreads not only to Salem but the neighboring town, Andover. A wave of fear overwhelms the region. However, when the accusers filed charges against the high-ranked respectable people, the paranoia begins to reduce. Ludicrously, even the governor’s wife had been accused of being a witch. To prevent his wife imprisonment, the Governor forbade any further arrests. Skepticism mounted in the society as to the competence of witchcraft charges. Soon after, society opinion turned against the trials. Forty-nine individuals accused of sorcery were acquitted. Shortly afterward, the General Court declared the Salem trials unlawful. Many judges involved in the witch case publicly confessed to being responsible and guilty of mass hangings innocent people. The good name of those who become the victim of witchcraft madness was restored; their heirs got £600 in restitution. Who is Responsible? However, what caused the mysterious sickness of the young girls? What disease bewildered a Salem doctor and the whole community? Complete studies were published by psychologist Linda Caporael who supposed the fungus ergot was responsible for delusions and hallucinations experienced by the sick children. The fungus ergot could be easily found in wheat or rye. Their toxins can lead to vomiting, muscle spasms, and other symptomatic described in the Salem witch case. Conclusion To study the roots of the witchcraft hysteria, numerous factors must be analyzed such as the political problems, internal conflicts, superstition and townspeoples belief in supernatural evil beings. The blind faith prevails in society affecting the perception New Englands pioneers. The Puritans who were seeking for great purity believed they had failed God. Therefore, they must be punished for the sins. It is a glaring example of unnecessary sacrifices caused by humans’ ignorance.

U.s. Attorney General And President John F. Kennedy

U.S. Attorney General and President John F. Kennedy confidant Robert F. Kennedy wrote â€Å"Thirteen Days† as an account of the Cuban Missile Crisis, a 13 day power struggle from October 15 to October 28 1962 between the US and the Soviet Union over ballistic missile deployment in Cuba by the Soviets. The peaceful removal of those missiles was both a challenge and a goal for the Kennedy administration. The Cuban Missile Crisis was arguably one of the most dangerous Cold War affairs whose escalation would have led to a global nuclear war demise. Both Harvard-educated men and born into a wealthy, ambitious family, Robert and John Kennedy were influenced by their father to become involved in politics and managed to do that very successfully†¦show more content†¦Three events are associated with the Cuban Missile Crisis: superpower tension, the domestic situation in Cuba, and the Bay of Pigs incident. The ideological competition between Russia and the U.S. was exemplified in the arms, nuclear and space race, the funding of anti-Communists by the U.S., the unsuccessful Vienna Summit of 1961 and the construction of the Berlin Wall. In 1958, Kruschev had asked NATO to give up West Berlin to East Germany and by the summer of 1961, Kruschev and Kennedy met during the Vienna Summit, where Kruschev insisted upon East German control over West Berlin. On August 13, the Soviets and East Germans built a wall that limited free means of access between the Western and Eastern zones. American and Soviet forces confronted each other at â€Å"Checkpoint Charlie,† which controlled the passage across. The U.S. eventually agreed with the wall’s construction in November 1961, resolving the Berlin Crisis. However, Kruschev had not yet gotten what he wanted. According to him, the installation of Soviet missiles in Cuba could be to negotiate over Berlin. Kennedy might replace the removal of Soviet-Cuban missiles with retreat from West Berlin. The coup

Pica A Look Into A Little-Known Eating Disorder - 1522 Words

Despite being the most prevalent eating disorder amongst individuals with developmental disabilities and may occur in as many as 25%-33% of children, there is much that is still unknown about pica. There has been little advancement in finding out what causes this disorder and because of that, treating and even diagnosing pica can be difficult. In addition to that, pica can have health consequences that range from mild to severe so, when coupled with the difficulty in treatment and lack of breakthrough research, pica has the potential to be an extremely dangerous disorder. Pica is, for the most part, defined as the desire to consume non-nutritive substances. However, it can also cover an abnormal appetite for food ingredients and†¦show more content†¦However, even though some deficiencies may indeed cause pica, not everyone that is treated based off of that assumption is cured so that does place some weight on the side of those who don’t believe that this is a valid cause of pica. Some other hypotheses are that pica could be due to cultural or familial factors, stress, and even a low socioeconomic status. In some cultures, pica can be deemed as acceptable amongst your family and/or friends. To give an example, here in the United States, some believe that the consuming of starch while pregnant can help to rid or lessen the effects of morning sickness. In some cases, that belief has been passed down from parent to child so the behavior can span multiple generations without any indication that it is anything but normal. The claim that a low socioeconomic status could contribute to the development of this condition stems from the fact that ingesting paint is most common in children that fall under that category and could be explained by a lack of parental supervision. It’s also believed that malnutrition could also contribute to the formation of this disorder and that’s another reason why the belief that socioeconomic status could play a role. Whatever the cause may be, one simple fact is that pica can affect anybody. Unfortunately, those most at riskShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : An Unhealthy World3124 Words   |  13 Pageswith obesity or some type of eating disorder. Authorities actually find it to be one of the economy’s biggest problems. According to a chart found on Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context, from the years 1976 to now, children all around the world continue to eat unhealthy diets with an obesity percentage of 17.5 in 2006, when the percentage used to be at a low 5.0, and the issue is only continuing to become worse. A lot of people eventually form some type of eating disorder according the article, GaleRead MoreEating Disorders and Free Essays8687 Words   |  35 Pagesï » ¿2 = 2 dfhnmxpd h Free Essays Home | Search Essays | FAQ | Guarantees | Privacy | Lost Essay? | Contact Search Results eating disorder Free Essays Unrated Essays Better Essays Stronger Essays Powerful Essays Term Papers Research Papers Search by keyword: Sort By: Your search returned over 400 essays for eating disorder. To narrow your search results, please add more search terms to your query. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [Next ] These results are sorted by most relevant

Monogamy in Marriage Free Essays

Western cultures generally believe that monogamy in marriage tends to protect women. Societies such as Saudi Arabia that practice polygamy, however maintain that allowing a man to have more than one wife is a more equitable way of organizing relationships. Notions of family and marriage change from culture to culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Monogamy in Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now One cultural approach to family practiced in some parts of Middle East is polygamy. However, Just like in the United States sometimes culturally permissible is not always condoned. Women having a career in Saudi Arabia is limited, woman marry to have children and to have companionship. More popular for a man to have many wives, they feel then they know the child is theirs. Where if a woman takes more than one husband, there is, the question is whom the father of her child is. Some believe that a man in that country is Just being given a license to satisfy their lust. Where woman have a loyalty to one man they marry. The parents of many daughters request when they arrange marriages that the husband not take more than one wife, before the permission to marry is given. The first wife detests the husband taking a second wife creates Jealousy, and if the man takes more than ne wife that they treat them equally. The second wife will remove herself from the house if she does not feel she is treated equally or with kindness. Same sex marriages moved to the toretront last month As gay marriages are now against the law in every state, the Massachusetts ruling has generated fierce opposition. Lawmakers pledge to strengthen their states law prohibiting same sex marriages interracial marriage has strong public support, and no successful politician or prominent public fgure is in favor of outlawing such unions. Some Senators and representatives proposed a constitutional amendment specifying, Marriage in the United States shall consist only Offa union of a man and a woman. Another interpretation of family and gender roles are being evaluated in a study of children of same sex parents. The raising ofa two year old, the boy was offered three different toys, two different. The two year old selected the baseball mitt and the truck instead of a doll and a small stuffed pony fgure dressed in pink. Two mothers are raising the boy. That has heterosexual couples as friends. So the boy has male role models around him at times. This study showed he was the typical, â€Å"boys will be boys†. How to cite Monogamy in Marriage, Papers

Organization and Management of Panera Bread free essay sample

First, Shaich assembled a team to simplify the costly bread-making process by developing a method of forming and freezing bread dough for later baking. This process eliminated the need for a professional baker on staff at each cafe while allowing for more precise stock control. Next, specially designed ovens helped reduce labor costs by making the production process fully automated, and in 1983 Au Bon Pain centralized dough production at a Boston facility. By 1985, the company had more than 30 cafes in the northeast US that all received dough from the Boston facility (Au Bon Pain History). From a managerial standpoint, Kane selected high traffic urban sites and â€Å"clustered† the cafes in order to promote brand recognition and operating efficiencies. Unfortunately, a 1981 decision to fire all the cafe employees who â€Å"didn’t care about the business† resulted in an organizational crisis of high employee turnover, low morale, and unqualified employees with poor customer service. We will write a custom essay sample on Organization and Management of Panera Bread or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From 1986-1988, Shaich fixed this problem with increased training, premium wages, seniority bonuses, and a â€Å"mystery shopper† evaluation program. In order to give each manager a vested interest in his shop’s performance, Shaich gave managers a minority stake in their cafes, as well as increased responsibility for inventory, staffing, and advertising (Au Bon Pain History). Shaich and Kane could now focus more on corporate issues, like the company’s IPO in 1991, while instituting a system of hierarchical control between corporate executives, managers, and employees. From 1992-1993, Au Bon Pain expanded to the Midwest and suburbs through a series of acquisitions, including that of the Saint Louis Bread Co. which focused on more family-oriented clientele. In addition, they installed a database management system for store managers and corporate executives to monitor day-to-day operations, launched a catering department, and expanded internationally by adding franchises to their organizational structure (Thompson C-169). Shaich used franchises to stimulate growth by requiring qualified outside investors to open and man age at least 15 franchised cafes in a six-year period under the company name (Franchise Information). Another organizational crisis arose in 1995 when efforts to expand the Saint Louis Bread chain in order to increase brand awareness backfired as consumers favored Saint Louis Bread over its parent company. To solve this conflict, new divisional presidents were created for each chain, and in 1999 Shaich convinced the board of directors to sell all the Au Bon Pain cafes and restructure the Saint Louis Bread chain under the name Panera Bread. Panera’s current organizational structure utilizes vertical integration, with 17 fresh dough facilities that deliver to 1,591 cafes and franchises (â€Å"Our History†). Upper level managers now make menu and pricing decisions and overlook the marketing, franchise, concept development, legal, technology, supply chain, and human resource departments (â€Å"Organizational Chart†). Lower level management and employees work as self-directed teams to create a warm atmosphere at each Panera location (Thompson C-171).

10 Analytical Essay Topics on Environmental Economics

10 Analytical Essay Topics on Environmental Economics If you need environmental economic facts for your next analytical paper, consider the ten facts below: Perfect competition in an environmental economic is a market structure wherein five basic components are met. The first component is when all firms sell an identical product. Once this has been established, the second criterion is that all firms are price takers. Third: all firms have a relatively small market share. The fourth component is that buyers know the nature of the product which is being sold along with the prices charged by each of the firms. The last item is that the industry is then characterized by freedom of entry and exit. It is a theoretical market structure which is used comparatively as a benchmark to compare other market structures. In a given environmental economic marketplace there are different buyers and different sellers, which create a competitive market. The market changes based upon responses to supply and demand. With numerous buyers and sellers, the supplier and the consumer have an ability to influence the price. When there exists an industry without any substitute products there can be no competition and the producer of the product can control the price, limiting the consumer’s choice and influence over the price. An environmental economic monopoly encompasses the market structure established above wherein there is only one producer for a specific product making the single business the entire industry. Because of high costs, entrance into the monopoly structure is restricted. The impediments, aside from cost, can be social, political, or economic. A monopoly structure may also form because of a copyright or patent which one company has preventing other companies from entering into that market. An environmental economic oligopoly consists of only a few firms making up a single industry, however, the firms are part of a selected group which maintains control over the price. Often the products produced by each firm are almost mirrors of one another. Each competing for market share and being a result of market forces. In the United States, the closest example of perfect competition for environmental economics would be the stock exchange. Since perfect competition is a theory, no example will fit the five parts of the model perfectly, however, the stock exchange is close. The only thing lacking from the example of the stock exchange is that no single seller is able to influence the market price, and investment banks are actually capable of influencing the market. A monopoly is one extreme form of market structure while perfect competition is the exact opposite of a monopoly. There are two types of price discrimination for environmental economics. The first is single-price monopoly which is when a firm is limited to charging the same price for each unit of output sold. The second type is price discrimination monopoly. This is when there are different prices charged to different customers based upon their willingness to pay for the goods in question. The latter form of price discrimination within a monopoly is not based on prejudice, stereotypes, or any type of ill-will toward a group or a person. Price discrimination requires a demand curve which must be a downward-sloping demand curve for the firm’s output. The firm must be able to identify consumers willing to pay more and must be able to prevent low-price customers from reselling to high-price customers. An environmental economic monopoly benefits from price discrimination because it always benefits owners of a firm, increasing its profit. However, it does harm some customers and additional prof it for the firm is equal to monetary loss of customers. Perfect price discrimination needs each firm to charge each customer the most the customer would be willing to pay for each unit he or she buys. A monopolist can practice price discrimination assuming two conditions are met. The first is that there must be a different price elasticity of demand from each group of consumers, so that the monopolist is able to increase the total revenue and profits. The other condition which must be met is that the monopolist must be able to prevent any ability of customers to purchase the product or service at a lower price, ultimately preventing them from switching to another supplier. An example of price discrimination by an environmental economic monopoly is demonstrated through top hotels or airlines who offer spare rooms and seats on standby. This takes a normally fixed cost industry and offloads spare capacity at the last minute with supplementary profit. Also, early bird discounts function in this industry in the same manner. Offering early bird prices allows airlines and hotels the ability to foresee their source of cash flow weeks in advance. While this pricing strategy is referred to as yield management, it is still price discrimination. Peak and off-peak pricing for ATT as well as PGE in the California region separates markets by time. Off peak times offer spare capacity and low marginal costs of production as opposed to peak times where the supplier reaches their capacity constraints. ATT was a government-supported monopoly. However, ATT made the electric industry more efficient and despite having peak hours, they were not guilty of price discrimination. They however, had the potential to fix prices. Microsoft was an abusive environmental economic monopoly, not sharing any of the positive qualities that ATT was able to boast. Microsoft’s operating systems continued to demonstrate hostility toward competitor’s software. They abused a non-coercive monopoly. Microsoft was unable to dominate the market indefinitely because their materials were produced at such a rapid pace that bugs were still present and innovative domestic and international competition ruined their initial monopoly. Microsoft lost their hold on open source software. Aren’t these just what you need? Don’t forget to check our 20 topics and a sample on environmental economics along with our guide to analytical essay writing on this topic. References: Berck, Peter, and Gloria E Helfand.  The Economics of the Environment. Boston: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2011. Print. Mankiw, N. Gregory.  Principles of Microeconomics. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western, 2004. Print. Pearce, David W.  Environmental Economics. London: Longman, 1976. Print. Perman, Roger, Yue Ma, and James McGilvray.  Natural Resource and Environmental Economics. London: Longman, 1996. Print. Sankar, U.  Environmental Economics. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print. Seneca, Joseph J, and Michael K Taussig.  Environmental Economics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974. Print. Tietenberg, Thomas H.  Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992. Print.

5 Top Tips for NaNoWriMo Blog

5 Top Tips for NaNoWriMo Blog 5 Top Tips for NaNoWriMo It’s November! And for aspiring authors, that means one thing: National Novel Writing Month (or NaNoWriMo for short). The aim is to write a novel at least 50,000 words long in thirty days. And while that might sound ambitious, we have a few tips to help you get there. 1. Sign Up at the NaNoWriMo Website The official NaNoWriMo website provides lots of resources for writers. It also has a system where you can earn badges and track your progress, offering handy targets to keep you motivated. So before you begin writing, sign up and take a look at the tools available. 2. Write Every Day (And Plan for When You Don’t) You have thirty days to write 50,000 words, which works out at roughly 1,666 words per day. This is easily achievable if you put aside time each day to do a bit of writing. Don’t worry if you miss a day, though. The solution is to schedule â€Å"catch up† days when you know you’ll have more time to spare. This will ensure you can make up for days off, or even just boost your word count. Time to get typing!(Image: Kishore D R/YouTube) 3. Connect with Other NaNoWriMo Writers The best thing about NaNoWriMo is that you’re never alone. All around the world, thousands of writers are taking on the same task as you, so why not use this to your advantage? Whether on social media or via the NaNoWriMo forums, you’ll have plenty of chances to discuss the NaNoWriMo experience, as well as sharing tips for hitting that target word count. You can even look for other writers in the same part of the world as you. 4. Take Care of Yourself Just as with The Tortoise and the Hare, slow and steady wins the race when it comes to novel writing. So no matter how jazzed you feel about your novel-in-progress, remember that too many late-night sessions and skipped meals will lead to burnout. The hare stayed up too late writing and cant do anything useful today. Dont be the hare. Instead, make sure to eat healthily, get plenty of rest, and generally take care of yourself.   This will ensure you have enough energy to keep going and hit your target by November 30. 5. Avoid Perfectionism (For Now) It doesn’t matter if what you write isn’t perfect at first. The editing and proofreading comes later. And this is when you can turn your first draft into a polished manuscript ready for publishing. For now, concentrate on getting a first draft finished! Everything else can wait. Summary: 5 Top Tips for NaNoWriMo If you are doing NaNoWriMo this month, keep these tips in mind: Sign up to nanowrimo.org to access handy tools and resources. Try to set aside a time to write every day (and set aside days when you have more time to write in case you miss a day and need to catch up). Get in touch with other NaNoWriMo writers to share ideas and support. Make sure to eat healthily and get plenty of rest to keep your energy up. Don’t worry if what you write isn’t perfect; you can edit it all later! Good luck! And don’t forget to let us know if you need a proofreader.

Current Event Article Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Event Article - Research Paper Example When the budget is referred to as a deficit package, it is requested to relax the ceilings for the sake of new borrowings. The current scenario states that the government will sooner be defaulted. It was given to retire the old treasury bills till March 2013 but it has not been exercised yet. For instance the consequential debt imposes immense detrimental effects over the economic scenarios. Generally surplus is not a positive symptom for the government. It creates dissatisfaction among people that they are paying (tax charge) more than they are getting benefitted. To retire the treasury bills, government may go for cutting the dollar value such that they can pay back in consideration with cheaper value. But this special purpose value decrement will not be suitable for other dimensions of the economy including world economic environment as dollar is a standard currency. The deficit, surplus and debt are the key macroeconomic variables which have enough impact over the economic growth as well as

Port Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Port Management - Case Study Example Santos is considered to be a good harbor for ships, fishing and trade purposes. (The ports of Brazil, 1942) The Santos port approaches to increase the rate of exports by cheap means of transport. It enhances the trade by providing a track to the countries linked with the Atlantic Ocean. It has its origins associated to the coffee trade. It also facilitated to advance the sanitary situation of the region. It also played an essential role in the industrial growth of the State of So Paulo and of the entire Brazil. The Port of Santos is situated in the town that has the same name in the coast of southeastern Brazilian state of Sao Paulo. It is the port that transported most of the goods to the Arab countries in the year 2005. Goods worth at US$ 2.1 billion moved across the terminal heading towards the Arab countries in North Africa and the Middle East. In conditions of quantity, shipments reached 5.3 million tons. There are 64 private terminals at the Port of Santos and total area is 7.7 million square kilometers. It gave refuge to 44.7% of the Brazil's exports to the Arab states, which made a sum of US$ 4.7 billion up to November, 2005. (Edgar Rodrigues; Clifford Harper, 2005) The chief commodity to export i... It is also a chief transshipment port for good and commodities created in all the Southern cone countries (Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay). For instance, in the past, Santos went beyond Buenos Aires as Latin America's second-largest manager of containers. Land access and division within the ports are two important issues. The port is provided by quickly to be finished toll road that supplies high powered, quick access to So Paulo. Just about 90 % of the export and import cargo is conceded or from the port by trucks. There are Five railway companies, under allowance since 2000, serve the port. The port had an aim of covering 10 million tons of load carried by rail at the end of 2002, an ambition that was met. Investments of rail facilities in the port possessions and use of concessions have radically improved the efficiency of rail car use. 20% of container traffic from the port is controlled by rail, around twenty thousand TEUs per month. Rail investment in infrastructure on port possessions is a significant factor of increased access to the port. With no corresponding investment in rail infrastructure In further elements of the state, however, the use of rail for shifting goods also from the port will be limited. Projects are being generated that will permit leasing of rail infrastructure for private workers, created investment dollars. Rail services, in amalgamation with inland water barge, symbolize a significant access mode for agricultural commodities, particularly soy. Other policies have been used to develop the port's efficiency. The port is maneuvered twenty four hours a day with a twenty four hours reservation method for trucks due to overcrowding on the local road system, and port organizers are

Brand Equity Essay -- Business, Marketing

INTRODUCTION â€Å"A brand is a distinguishing name and/or symbol intended to identify the goods or services of either on seller or group of sellers, and to differentiate those goods or services from those of competitors† (Aaker 1991).A brand is the most valuable asset for an organization in the current competing world. Every organization is formulating strategies to make its brand popular and significant not only in markets but also in minds of the customers. Brand is the relation of customer with the brand. It is promise which a company makes to the customer about the goods and service they offer (Gregg 2002) Branding involves decisions that establish an identity for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from competitors offerings which means that brand becomes an important tool for marketer as consumer use it as guideline to identify certain products and their usefulness for the customer. The value of the brand can be determined by the concept of brand equity which has emerged as the one of the key factors in understanding the brand value (Krishnan 1996). Brand Equity Over years brand equity has been the topic of interest to the marketing companies. Brand equity can help evaluate brand and provide certainty around market share expectation (Peter).The most widely accepted definition of brand equity is the value accomplished by a particular brand(Krishnan and Hartline 2001). To gain competitive advantage in marketing perspective the central theme relies on building and sustaining brand equity. Brand equity as defined by (Wood 2000) is the relation of brand with its customers. Brand equity according to (Srivastav and Shocker 1991) constitutes of brand strength and brand value. According to (Motameni, Shah... ...dom), (2) behavioral response (i.e., purchase), (3) expressed over time, (4) by some decision-making unit, (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands, and (6) is a function of psychological (decision- making, evaluative) processes. This evidence is empirically supported by an experiment designed by (Jacob 1973). According to (Delgado and Aleman 2005) brand loyaltywhich is trust in brand ultimately results in the brand equity the study was conducted in the south eastern part of Spain and resulting from 271 surveys and the results indicated that brand trust evolves from the brand reliability (the feeling that brand would meet my expectations) and brand intentions (the feeling that brand is worth enough to solve all my problems) these two things leads to brand trust which leads to repurchase of the brand resulting in brand loyalty. Brand Equity Essay -- Business, Marketing INTRODUCTION â€Å"A brand is a distinguishing name and/or symbol intended to identify the goods or services of either on seller or group of sellers, and to differentiate those goods or services from those of competitors† (Aaker 1991).A brand is the most valuable asset for an organization in the current competing world. Every organization is formulating strategies to make its brand popular and significant not only in markets but also in minds of the customers. Brand is the relation of customer with the brand. It is promise which a company makes to the customer about the goods and service they offer (Gregg 2002) Branding involves decisions that establish an identity for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from competitors offerings which means that brand becomes an important tool for marketer as consumer use it as guideline to identify certain products and their usefulness for the customer. The value of the brand can be determined by the concept of brand equity which has emerged as the one of the key factors in understanding the brand value (Krishnan 1996). Brand Equity Over years brand equity has been the topic of interest to the marketing companies. Brand equity can help evaluate brand and provide certainty around market share expectation (Peter).The most widely accepted definition of brand equity is the value accomplished by a particular brand(Krishnan and Hartline 2001). To gain competitive advantage in marketing perspective the central theme relies on building and sustaining brand equity. Brand equity as defined by (Wood 2000) is the relation of brand with its customers. Brand equity according to (Srivastav and Shocker 1991) constitutes of brand strength and brand value. According to (Motameni, Shah... ...dom), (2) behavioral response (i.e., purchase), (3) expressed over time, (4) by some decision-making unit, (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands, and (6) is a function of psychological (decision- making, evaluative) processes. This evidence is empirically supported by an experiment designed by (Jacob 1973). According to (Delgado and Aleman 2005) brand loyaltywhich is trust in brand ultimately results in the brand equity the study was conducted in the south eastern part of Spain and resulting from 271 surveys and the results indicated that brand trust evolves from the brand reliability (the feeling that brand would meet my expectations) and brand intentions (the feeling that brand is worth enough to solve all my problems) these two things leads to brand trust which leads to repurchase of the brand resulting in brand loyalty.

What can be gained by engaging in comparative education studies

It is in the very nature of logical activity to do comparings. Comparing is a simple portion of idea procedure which enables us to do sense of the universe and our experience of it. Indeed, it can be said that merely by doing comparings can we decently support our place on most inquiries of importance which requires the devising of the judgements. Comparing causes us to do statements to the consequence that one thing is intellectually or morally preferred to or more effectual or better than the other, and this can be clearly exposed in the instruction field, where the quest for betterment for making things better is ever obliging. In a universe which is chiefly focused on intense planetary economic competition and turning beliefs in the cardinal function of instruction as the beginning of possible advantage, authoritiess have become progressively haunted with the international rankings of measured educational results. Educational policy is progressively driven by national efforts to copy the sensed advantage associated with the educational schemes and techniques of other states. Margret Brown argues that documenting patterns in high-scoring states that give thoughts for alteration are really of import ( as cited in Broadfoot 2000, p.361 ) . It would be at least as of import to happen out why similar undertakings have non been successful in other states. ( Shorrocks-Taylor & A ; Jenkins 2000, p.16 ) It is important to measure any suggested patterns from one state to another. Teachers and the general public demand to be informed about the jobs of seting something â€Å" borrowed † into pattern and reform thoughts from other states to our ain system. The increasing international importance of a policy discourse of larning in relation to conventional educational establishments such as schools and universities, reflects the modern-day apprehension of the deduction of the ‘knowledge society ‘ ( Broadfoot 2000, p.358 ) ; It is of great possible and inevitableness for the whole population to be capable and disposed to take advantage of the new methods for accessing new cognition that information and communications engineering is doing available. This besides reflects the turning acknowledgment that ‘learning ‘ is non tantamount with learning. Today ‘s turning concern is womb-to-tomb larning which is strongly described in a recent European Commission study: ‘The Treasure Within ‘ . ( Broadfoot 2000, p.358 )Different position of comparative instruction by different bookmansAntoine Jullien de Paris in 1817 proverb comparative instruction as an analytical survey of instruction in all states with a position to hone national schooling systems with version and alterations from which policymakers can borrow thoughts to implement in their own-country ( Bray 2007, p.1 ) . In Hans ‘ position the public-service corporation of comparative instruction was that type of instruction which analyzes comparative jurisprudence, comparative literature or comparative anatomy in order to foreground the differences in the forces and beginnings that create the differences in the educational systems ( C.S. Oni 2005, p.244 ) . Lewis approached the issue of comparative instruction in footings of an Island formation. Lewis asserted that, no state is an island ; that each is a portion of the universe ; hence, no educational system anyplace in the universe is deserving anything unless it is comparable to some other systems in the universe. â€Å" ( Quoted from C.S. Oni 2005, p.244 ) . Comparative instruction for Blishen is the subdivision of educational theory that has to make with analysing and construing the educational patterns and policies in different states and civilization ( C.S. Oni 2005, p. 244 ) . Le Thanh Khoi believed that comparative instruction is a multidisciplinary country when he said that it â€Å" is non purely a subject, but a field of survey covering all the subjects which serve to understand and explicate instruction † ( quoted from Bray 2007, p. 35 ) . In add-on to larning about other people and civilizations, comparative instruction besides helps the research worker to cognize about oneself. As George Bereday puts it: â€Å" It is self-knowledge Born of the consciousness of others that is the finest lesson comparative instruction can afford. â€Å" ( Quoted from Kubow & A ; Fossum 2003, p. 11 ) . With the sweetening of patriotism and the increasing importance of the state states in the beginning of the nineteenth century comparative instruction was pushed in front. The aim was to larn utile lessons from foreign states, particularly refering instruction systems. This contained a really colonialist position of the western societies on the foreign states. School systems were seen as a resource of new educational thoughts, which could be â€Å" borrowed † to better the ain school system. Comparative instruction transferred itself from extremely pure description degree to a more sophisticated analysis. With the rise of the societal scientific disciplines in the 1950s the historical facet became undistinguished. Alternatively comparative instruction was introduced as a true scientific discipline by utilizing statistical techniques and more quantitative methods. The chief attack was structural functionalism.The purposes of comparative instruction:The purposes of comparative i nstruction are to depict educational systems, procedures, and stoping merchandises every bit good as to help in the development of educational establishments and patterns. It besides highlights the relationships between instruction and society and establishes generalized statements about instruction that is valid in more than one state. Comparative instruction besides deepens our apprehension of our instruction and society ; it can be of great assistance to policy shapers and decision makers ; and can be of great plus in the instruction of instructors ( Bray 2007, p.15 ) . Comparative research besides helps us understand better our ain yesteryear ; turn up ourselves more precisely in the present ; and see more clearly what our educational hereafter may be. Comparative instruction gives the research worker the ability to depict what might be the effect of certain classs of political and economical action, by looking at experience in a scope of states. From the theories mentioned supr a extracted from different bookmans, we can see that comparative instruction facilitates the research workers to larn from the achievement and mistakes that other states have made in the procedure of work outing similar educational jobs. The focal point of comparative survey in instruction is the aggregation and classification of information, both descriptive and quantitative. As Sadler stated in one of his talks delivered in 1900: In analyzing foreign systems of instruction we should non bury that the things outside the schools matter even more than the things inside the school, and govern and construe the things indoors. We can non roll at pleasance among the instruction systems of the universe, like a kid sauntering through a garden, and picking flowers from one shrub and some foliages from another, and so anticipate that if we stick what we have gathered into the dirt at place, we shall hold a life works. A national instruction system of instruction is a living thing, the result of disregarded battles and â€Å" of conflicts long ago † . It has in it some of the secret workings of national life. † ( Quoted from Philips in Alexander et. Al 1999, p.19 ) .On ComparingThe comparative instruction research worker should travel far from the familiar to see the unfamiliar ‘to make the familiar strange ‘ , in order to broader the rules, geographical and epistemic position ( Broadfoot 2000, p .363 ) . When comparing in instruction research workers are bring forthing a assortment of descriptive and explanatory informations which differ from micro to macro comparative informations analysis, leting us to see assorted patterns and processs in a really broad context that helps us to throw light upon them ( Sultana as cited in Borg 2009, p.21 ) . While less developed states have a inclination to look at more developed states to larn from them, more developed states tent to look at states that are on the same economic and educational degree to do cross-national comparings. Examples of this are figure of states that looked at USA as their theoretical account. Switzerland in mid-1990 apart from looking up to USA, it besides hired American advisers to develop a reform bundle for schools ( Steiner- Khamsi 2002, p.76 as cited in Bray 2007, p.18 ) . On the other manus, America learned besides from other states ( Levin 2010, p.96 in www.kappanmagazine.org ) like East Asia, ( Bray 2007, p.21-22 ) where the US section of instruction made an intensive survey of Nipponese instruction and came out with 12 rules of good patterns. Educators and policy shapers went to Finland, which is the top-performing state in the first three unit of ammunitions of PISA, in order to happen the key to education success to accomplish high Markss in PISA. Pr ivate companies like Cisco and McKinsey, are publishing studies on the quality of instruction around the universe. Comparisons across clip provide information about betterment or diminution over the old ages like comparing the different periods in the history of instruction. These comparings though are limited in the nature of the mention groups or standards used: that is they are normally limited to school systems similar to those being evaluated. When policy shapers look at the yesteryear to larn for the hereafter as the British policy shapers used to make in 1980 ‘s to do comparings with their ain yesteryear instead than with other states. Sometimes the ground to compare with the predecessors is to see how the society has developed every bit good as to larn from the errors that were done in the yesteryear ( Bray 2007, p.23, Bradburn & A ; Gilford 1990, p.2 ) . Comparisons with other vicinities or between provinces, provincials and parts compare similar local educational systems within the same province, or with those in other provinces or the state as a whole. Comparisons with other provinces or the state as a whole have the advantage of comparing between educational systems that are loosely similar. They provide information on peculiar state ‘s degree of accomplishment in instruction to the much broader country of the universe ‘s instruction system ( Bradburn & A ; Gilford 1990, p.2 ) .Example of such comparing is the comparing between the instruction systems of Hong Kong ( Bray 2007, p.131 ) or the instruction systems of Macao ( Bray 2007, p.134 ) . When comparing the research worker has to place the countries ; states or topographic points, and can non be generalised. As Le Than Khoi ( in Sultana as cited in Borg 2009, p.16 ) gave the illustration of the Mediterranean. There are excessively many differences in the part that we call the Mediterranean † to do it the object of comparative analyses. Culture is an of import factor when comparing topographic points. An illustration of this is the consequence that Finland got in the PISA in 2002 compared to other topographic points which was based on the reading competencies. Finland achieved good as it has centuries of cultural tradition that long promoted the reading ability ( Bray 2007, p.167 ) . A comparative instruction research worker must seek non to be prejudiced either on political, national, spiritual, racial, gender or ideological facets. It is important that the paradigms used are relevant to all geographic countries and states that are included in the survey. Differences between inter and intra-national research present challenges in comparative research that must be recognized. Such differences are frequently important resource of cultural fluctuation ( Bradburn & A ; Gilford ( 1990 ) , p.21 ) . The part of developing states in international surveies adds information to the development of local research capacity and besides widens the sample of take parting states. Third-world engagement develops North – South duologues every bit good as East- West linkages as it serves as a good beginning for edifice trust and co-operation ( Bradburn & A ; Gilford ( 1990 ) , p.22 ) . As the economic sector is increasing its value and the importance of holding a sound instruction system, the concern and industry sector may confer with comparative educational surveies in their international planning. Textbook publishing houses, developers of educational package and other educational bargainers use comparative instruction to categorise the demands and markets for new merchandises. So the inquiry raised is â€Å" In whose involvements do the instruction system and determinations taken, work? † ( My talk notes ) . Though comparings in instruction are of great benefit there are besides who is sceptic and critic about it. There is the belief amongst these that comparative research will take to a homogeneous-world attack to education that impede proper attending to each state ‘s alone history, civilization, and people. ( Bray 2007, p.178 ) . This thought comes from experiences with international establishments that forced economic policies that had negative effects in less-developed states. It is critical for policy shapers to maintain in head that non all the methods of any state can or should be put into pattern in other states. ( Lavin 2010, p.96 in www.kappanmagazine.org, Stromquist 2002, p.87 ) It is of import that â€Å" insiders † and â€Å" foreigners † work collaboratively in order to research and development work that is more sensitive to local, societal buildings of world. ( Crossley 2002, p.82 )Education research undertakings and organisations:As planetary economic competition additions, additions besides the beliefs in the instruction as the beginning of fringy advantage, authoritiess have become progressively haunted with the international rankings of measured educational results. However the issue and impact of power on the educational establishments differentiate signifier in society to another. It is going of import more than of all time as the determination devising in instruction is altering well. The chief histrions are no longer those most affected by instruction like the pupils, parents and the instructors but instead private bureaus and international fiscal establishments ( Stromquist 2002, p.87 ) . International bureaus compare forms and consequences in different states in order to better the advice that they give to national authoritiess and policy shapers. The UNESCO, World Bank and OECD are amongst international bureaus each underscoring their ain purposes changing from teaching method, course of study, economic and fiscal affairs, which play an of import portion in the instruction sphere. Their purpose is to help states in planing and implementing successful policies to turn to the challenges that the educational systems are confronting. They besides create strategies for advancing womb-to-tomb acquisition in relation with other socio-economic policies ( Bray 2007, p. 31 ) . New thoughts gained from international surveies such as PISA, TIMMS and Survey -Lang can be tried to see if they will better the instruction system and to understand why the public presentation of pupils in different states differs ( Shorrocks-Taylor & A ; Jenkins 2000 ) . Since the late 1950 ‘s with the initiation of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement ( IEA ) such big graduated table comparative surveies have taken on considerable significance in instruction. From the get downing the IEA has been committed to analyzing larning in the basic school topics and to carry oning on a regular footing study of educational accomplishment. Over clip, these ‘outcome ‘ informations have been progressively linked to analyses of the effects of course of study and school organisation upon larning and the relationship between accomplishment and student attitudes ( Shorrocks- Taylor 2000, p.14 ) . There are different methods on how to mensurate the comparative facet which differs from theoretical grounded surveies intended to construct or prove complex theoretical accounts of educational systems to descriptive surveies whose intent is to supervise different characteristics of educational systems, patterns and results. The intent of theoretically oriented surveies is chiefly to analyze relationships among variables and expression for insouciant accounts. It is designed to analyze links between school accomplishment and such features as course of study, learning methods, household outlooks and support degrees. These highlight the degree of differences between schools or categories every bit good as on differences between pupils as the unit of analysis. ( Bradburn & A ; Gilford 1990, p.5 ) Belatedly, the intensification of international competition, spurred on by globalisation, neo-liberalism and marketizing, has major deductions for cross-national surveies of educational accomplishment, for those engaged in or covering with the powerful influence of national and international conference tabular arraies, and for the theoretical models that we employ in our analyses. If the support of research is progressively linked to commercial involvements, for illustration, the potency for critical theory, or for alternate cultural positions to act upon the building of new cognition, may be progressively challenged. Questions of power and â€Å" whose cognition counts? â€Å" , in the procedure of development arise, possibly, more strongly than of all time before ( mention from my talk notes ) . As Sultana stated, comparative instruction should travel further than the concern with comparing â€Å" like with similar † ( Sultana as cited in Borg 2009, p.9 ) . It focuses more on happening a peculiar point from where educational and related societal phenomenon can be seen from different positions ; make a deeper apprehension of the kineticss as good come up with new thoughts. Comparative instruction provides penetrations on higher instruction, educational invention, teacher instruction, power and instruction researches each conveying the experience of the research worker ‘s state, or the state or the states that research worker has studied and came together in order to portion these issues in debating Sessionss.Comparative instruction and globalisation:In a globalise universe, schools have come under greater national question sing the ways they can lend to or detain a national advancement. Claxton ( 1998 ) has described the rapidly-changing times we are populating a s the ‘Age of Uncertainty ‘ in which it is impossible to foretell the province and form of the universe in few old ages clip ( as cited in Broadfoot 2000, p. 358 ) . The educational universe today encounters systems which may finally turn out to be a revolution in what is to be taught, to whom and how, since, as Edmund King implies, ‘all its established systems were developed for a universe that no longer exists † ( quoted in Broadfoot p.267 ) . Accountability and educational transmutation rose oppugning on the instruction procedure itself. The heightened involvement in and concern over instruction has encouraged pedagogues to re-evaluate in the visible radiation of new planetary worlds, the intent of schooling, the implicit in theories about the relationship between instruction and development and oppugning about pedagogue professionalism. ( Watson as cited in Crossley 2002, p.81 ) The ways in which pedagogues in different states view these issues and the schemes employed to turn to them must be understood in the visible radiation of different cultural, societal and political context in each state. By sing the educational issue from the position of two diverse states the research worker can place factor that might be missed when sing the issue within the context of ain state entirely. If the research country is related to researcher ‘s ain cultural environment, it is non ever easy to comprehend its particular features. The instance may look excessively apprehensible and non-problematic. â€Å" A fish can non see that it is populating in H2O † ( quoted in hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.uiah.fi/projects/metodi/172.htm ) . Multiple cultural positions believing and analytic models from a multiplicity of adherent the research would supply an international context every bit good as tools for opening position to heighten the manner of seeing instruct ion.Critical thought on Comparative instruction:Comparative instruction and the critical position taking that comparative enquiry, assist the research worker to travel into a deeper analysis of the relationship among society, development, instruction and the function that citizens either straight or indirectly play in the instruction procedure. Through the development of comparative thought accomplishments research workers should be able to set about analyses of their place civilizations and systems with a more apprehension of the assorted cultural factors at drama. Comparative instruction encourages both research workers and pedagogues to inquire inquiries like: â€Å" What sort of educational policies, planning and instruction are appropriate and for what sort of society? † The field of comparative instruction focuses attending on what might be appropriate and inappropriate policy while encourage consciousness of doctrines underlying educational policies and encourages inte rdisciplinary review. ( Klein 1990, 1996, Epstein 1983 as cited in Kubow & A ; Fossum 2003, p.7 ) . Comparative instruction is good and necessary non merely for bookmans and policy shapers but for instruction practicians every bit good. As Gutek said, instructors function in two dimensions: as citizens of peculiar nation-states, they foster pupils ‘ national individuality ; and 2nd as citizens of a planetary society, they recognize that possibilities of worlds growing and menaces to human endurance traveling beyond national boundaries ( Gutek 1993 as cited in Kubow & A ; Fossum 2003, p.251 ) . Teachers must larn to look at other tantamount schoolroom and school patterns throughout the universe. As Stake ( 1978 ) said â€Å" we observe that people per se pursue the general by looking at the particular. Peoples make sense out of the new fortunes they encounter by comparing that particulars to the existence that includes their ain frames of mention. We have named the procedure of executing cross-cultural probe and so deducing penetrations from these probes the accomplishments o f comparative position pickings † ( quoted in Kubow & A ; Fossum 2003, p.252 ) . Schools are compared with spheres which constitute tenseness and combination of forces. In order to understand and command such status, involves critical accomplishments and the ability to understand the political underlining of societal and educational fortunes ( Kaplan 1991 as cited in Kubow & A ; Fossum 2003, p. 252 ) . These sorts of critical thought can advance critical inquiries like: What is the purpose of schooling? What are the just instruction and who decides? What is the appropriate balance between educator authorization and answerability? What factors reinforce or hinder teacher professionalism? ( Quoted from Kubow & A ; Fossum 2003, p. 252 ) . The field of comparative instruction continues to specify its individuality and significance in the new thought about instruction, society, colonialism and development. Ideas from post-foundational thought, post-modernism, post-structuralism and post-colonialism, are of great importance in comparative research because they deal with common metanarratives of advancement, modernness, laterality and subordination that there have been the fulcrum of the chief thoughts in comparative instruction. ( Mehta & A ; Ninnes 2003, p.238 ) , Crossley 2002, p.82 ) .Examples of Case surveies:Case study 1: Comparison literacyThe utility of comparative instruction is seen in the figure of different instance surveies. An illustration of a instance survey is ‘Literacy accomplishments in Maltese-English bilingual kids ‘ by Rachael Xuereb ( 2009 ) . The survey examines the reading and phonological consciousness accomplishments in English and Maltese of kids whose female parent lingua is Maltese and 2nd linguistic communication English. A sample of 50 typically developing Maltese kids aging between 8 old ages 0 months to 10 old ages 5 months was chosen to take part in this survey. The kids acquired Maltese as a first linguistic communication within the household and subsequently acquired English as a 2nd linguistic communication through Kindergarten and/or the early school old ages. The participants in this survey attend a church school situated in the south-western portion of the island. Since kids star traveling to school at the age of 5 old ages, the kids have been larning to read in Maltese and besides in English. For the intent of this survey, Maltese reading and reading-related trials were created to parallel the UK and US standardised appraisals. All the kids sat for the novel trials and the standardized trials. Harmonizing to the consequences found by Xuereb, Maltese kids read better in Maltese than in English, which is the linguistic communication of direction in most of the topics. Each kid was tested on the undermentioned steps in both linguistic communications: word and non word reading, non word repeat, spelling, sectioning words and non words elision, rapid naming of letters, Numberss and colorss, frontward memory for figures. Increasing research has addressed this issue for bilingual pupils, in relationship to whether phonological consciousness in the first linguistic communication predicts phonological consciousness in the 2nd linguistic communication ( Quiroga, Lemos-Britton, Mostafapour, Abbott & A ; Berninger, 2002 ) . Studies comparing first linguistic communication and 2nd linguistic communication decrypting accomplishments in readers of different writing systems suggest that these accomplishments are positively correlated and that single differences in the development of these accomplishments can be predicted on the footing of underlying cognitive and lingual abilities such as phonological accomplishments, memory, orthographic cognition and velocity of processing ( Geva & A ; Wade-Woolley, 1998 as cited in Xuereb 2009, p.331 ) . This survey aimed to happen reply for how do Maltese-English bilingual kids perform on reading and phonological undertakings and to verify whether anterior findings of cross-language transportation from first linguistic communication phonological consciousness to reading or to 2nd linguistic communication phonological consciousness be replicated in this sample of Maltese-speaking pupils.Case study 2: Comparing the function of gender and age on pupils ‘ perceptual experiences towards on-line instruction.This survey conducted by Fahme Dabaj, and Havva BaAYak, was conducted in order to inquiry and analyse the perceptual experiences and attitudes of the pupils to online distance instruction by agencies of electronic mail and the World Wide Web as the method of presenting direction through online sheepskin plans offered by Sakarya University in Turkey with regard to their age and gender. The research was based on a questionnaire as a mean of informations aggregation method. The findings of the analysis explained that although the pupils registered to the on-line plan by will, they preference was for the traditional face-to-face instruction due to the trouble of the gestural communicating, their deficiency of ability in utilizing the engineering required, and their belief in traditional face-to face larning more than on-line instruction. The research methodological analysis of this survey used the quantitative statistical methods and techniques such as significance differences, correlativity and the cross-tabulation distribution to happen out if there is a important relationship between the independent and the dependent variable inquiries, mensurating the function of age and gender of pupils towards their perceptual experiences sing distant instruction. The quantitative information was collected by study questionnaire and was analyzed via quantitative statistical methods. All the pupils enrolled in the distance instruction plans and the online classs in the autumn term of the 2005/2006 Academic Year took portion in the research. Sing gender, the consequences proofed that the female pupils have a better consciousness of the on-line instruction contrasting to the male pupils. Sing age, the consequences showed that the older the pupils ‘ penchant moves towards go toing face-to face categories.Case study 3: Comparison different Art methodological analysiss.I besides attempted to do a little comparative survey in which I compared Art methodological analysis adopted in a province school compared with that adopted by the Verdala International School. The Verdala International is a coeducational international school in which foreign pupils resident in Malta can go to. The Art section in this school in based on two Art Programs ; the IG which is tantamount to O ‘ degree test and the IB which is tantamount to the A ‘ degree test. My research was aimed at conveying out the difference in instructors ‘ and pupils ‘ attack towards the topic. The first difference which I pointed out was the degree of organisation in the province school ‘s Art room in comparing with the â€Å" organized † pandemonium that ruled in the Verdala International. Both instructors ‘ response to my remarks about the Art room environment was that it reflects the methodological analysis they adopt towards the topic. Art lessons in the province school are more structured ; pupils have to follow regulations which hinder them from utilizing their imaginativeness freely. In both schools the lessons where introduced in the same mode there was a batch of instructor talk with the instructor orchestrating the whole thing. The kids were merely asked to take part when the instructor asked them for suggestions. The two lessons differed in the manner they developed while in the province school, the pupils followed the traditional method by copying the instructor ‘s illustrations from the whiteboard and were really limited in experimentation, at Vedala international the pupils were much freer to experiment and be originative. The ground was that although the Art course of study of both schools are really similar, the methodological analysis adopted is different. The instructor at the province school believes that in order to â€Å" interrupt the regulations † in Art foremost the pupil has to larn them by utilizing the traditional method – by copying. While Art lessons at the province school are more exams oriented, although at Verdala International they do hold an terminal of twelvemonth trial, the focal point is more on assisting pupils develop originative thoughts. During my observation Sessionss at the province school, which were carried out in the beginning of November, the instructor systematically reminded the pupils about the test. On the other manus at Verdala International the concluding trial was ne'er mentioned. At the Verdala International I besides tried to compare Maltese pupils who have been to a province school and are now go toing Verdala International with foreign pupils who had been go toing to Art categories in their ain states are now at Verdala. The purpose of such comparing was to place pupils ‘ positions of the methodological analysiss used for the instruction of Art in Malta and abroad. The foreign pupils interviewed were from Italy, USA, Sweden, Germany, Russia and England. From the response given it resulted that the conservative Art methodological analysis used in Maltese province schools is really similar to that in Russia and in the early old ages of the in-between school in Germany. Lessons at Verdala International are more similar to those in Italy where the pupils are active participants and able to take determinations on what they should make. While in province schools every lesson planned out by the instructor following the course of study that is to be covered, at Verdala International the lesson is in the signifier of a group treatment. Each pupil decides on a subject that he/she would wish work on and the instructor will ease his acquisition. This manner, different pupils might be working on different undertakings unlike in province schools where everyone would be making the same thing. Maltese pupils prefer more the methodological analysis used at the Verdala International than the Art methodological analysis used in the province school. The research methodological analysis of this survey consisted of observation Sessionss, interviews with pupils both on single bases and in groups, and interviews with four instructors ( one at Verdala International and 3 at province school ) . The figure of pupils that took portion in this survey was 45 pupils ( 22 at Verdala International and 23 at province school ) .DecisionThe comparative instruction country is composed by what research workers declare about its nature, beginnings, intents, hereafters, by the â€Å" truths † people support and by the battle over what made â€Å" true † comparative instruction ( Mehta & A ; Ninnes 2003, p.240 ) . The significance in analyzing this country utilizing rational truth, the working and foreign systems of instruction will ensue in our better fitted to analyze and understand our ain piece helps to widen and intensify our apprehension of the universe it is a manner to progress our entire capacity to believe. As postulated by Sadler: â€Å" If we study foreign systems of instruction exhaustively and sympathetically-and understanding and thoroughness are both necessary for the task- I believe that the consequence on our heads will be to do us value as we have ne'er prized before the good things which we have at place and besides do us recognize how many things there are in our ain instruction systems which need pmt and seeking alteration. † ( Quoted from Bray 2007 pp. 37-38 ) .

Relationship between Real GDP Growth and Transfer Payments...

Transfer payments are government outlays, for programs such as Social Security and welfare, for which the government does not receive any goods or services in return. Transfer payments were designed as a way to provide a safety net to citizens in need of assistance. In the last fifty years we have seen a consistent increase in transfer payments, regardless of the economic conditions faced by the nation. Some of this continual increase in transfer payments can be explained by demographics (Baby Boomers collecting Social Security), changes in the political climate (immigration amnesty in the 1980s) as well as the economic climate of the last decade (extended unemployment compensation). In this paper, we attempt to analyze the effect, if any,†¦show more content†¦Finally and more importantly the results show that, statistically speaking, there is not enough evidence to infer that transfer payments during times of recession contribute to GDP growth. One of the surprising results from this model is the negative relationship between non transfer payments and GDP growth. The model shows that during times of economic recession, a $1 billion investment in non transfer payments actually decreases per capita GDP by $12.88. The negative relationship still holds during times of economic expansion: a $1 billion investment in non transfer payments leads to a decrease in per capita GDP of $10.17. If we combine these results and the fact that we found that transfer payments have no statistical significance, we can infer that an expansionary fiscal policy in times of economic recession has a negligible impact on GDP growth. During times of economic expansion, we found that non transfer payments have a negative impact on GDP growth; on the other hand, transfer payments do have an impact, albeit extremely small, on GDP growth. We can thus reject the proposition that an increase in government spending helps fuel economic growth (recession or no). 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